X-Wing sudoku technique

Expert level Appears in puzzles rated SE 2.5 – 3.2

Find a digit that appears as a candidate in exactly two cells of one row, and exactly two cells of another row — with both pairs standing in the same two columns. The four cells draw a rectangle, and the digit must land on one of its diagonals. Either way, both marked columns receive the digit inside the rectangle, so every other candidate for it in those two columns is gone.

How to find a x-wing

  1. Pick a digit and map its candidates row by row.
  2. Find two rows that each hold the digit in exactly two cells, aligned on the same two columns.
  3. Eliminate the digit from those two columns everywhere outside the four corner cells.
  4. The same logic runs sideways: two columns aligned on two rows clear the rows instead.
From the table: The pattern is strict about the count of two in the defining rows: two candidate cells, no more. Extra candidates in the shared columns are welcome — those are precisely what you get to erase.

The pattern on the grid

77777777

Digit 7 locked in rows 2 and 6 on columns 3 and 7 — the red 7s in those columns cannot survive.

Worked example

Say digit 7 sits, as a candidate, only in r2c3 and r2c7 of row 2, and only in r6c3 and r6c7 of row 6. The four cells share columns 3 and 7 — a textbook X-Wing. Whichever diagonal the 7s take (r2c3+r6c7 or r2c7+r6c3), columns 3 and 7 each receive exactly one 7 inside the rectangle. So the 7 pencilled in r4c3, r8c3, r1c7 or r9c7 can be erased on the spot.

When it fails

If a defining row holds the candidate in a third cell, the pattern collapses — that is not an X-Wing but a candidate for a finned variant, which has stricter elimination rules. Count twice, erase once.

Puzzles that need it

These grids come from rated games on this site — our solver confirmed that x-wing was part of the shortest solving path for each one.

13963641212457661358198532675931
Expert SE 3.6 32 clues
56426977258247742817832141733261
Expert SE 3.6 32 clues
75426845231284617384865973
Expert SE 3.6 26 clues

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