XY-Wing sudoku technique

Expert level Appears in puzzles rated SE 3.2 – 4.0

The XY-Wing links three cells that each hold exactly two candidates. A pivot with digits XY sees two pincers: one with XZ, one with YZ. Whichever digit the pivot finally takes, X or Y, it pushes one of the pincers to Z. Since some Z is certain, any cell that both pincers can see is barred from holding Z — that digit would contradict whichever pincer becomes Z.

How to find a xy-wing

  1. List the bi-value cells — cells with exactly two pencil marks. They are the raw material.
  2. Take one as the pivot (XY) and look for pincers XZ and YZ among the bi-value cells it sees.
  3. Find every cell that is seen by both pincers at once.
  4. Strike the shared digit Z from those overlap cells.
From the table: Fluent solvers read the pattern as a two-step forcing argument: "pivot is X → right pincer is Z; pivot is Y → left pincer is Z; Z happens either way." Say it out loud once and the geometry stops feeling abstract.

The pattern on the grid

2729799

Pivot 2-7 at r4c4, pincers 2-9 and 7-9 — the 9 in r8c8 is seen by both pincers and dies.

Worked example

Pivot r4c4 holds candidates 2 and 7. It sees pincer r4c8 with 2-9 and pincer r8c4 with 7-9. If the pivot resolves to 2, r4c8 is forced to 9; if it resolves to 7, r8c4 is forced to 9. A 9 is coming either way — so r8c8, which both pincers see, cannot hold 9, and any 9 pencilled there is removed.

When it fails

All three cells must be strictly bi-value, and the pincers must NOT see each other for the classic pattern. A pivot with three candidates makes it an XYZ-Wing with a much smaller elimination zone.

Puzzles that need it

These grids come from rated games on this site — our solver confirmed that xy-wing was part of the shortest solving path for each one.

45971252398312615368512138157951
Expert SE 4.0 32 clues
65739278954757369125255491648617
Expert SE 4.0 32 clues
76238271639484192639325417165192
Expert SE 4.0 32 clues

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